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---
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description: Mobile UX patterns informed by Apple iOS HIG — touch targets, typography, spacing, navigation, animations
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globs: "**/*.vue,**/*.css"
alwaysApply: false
---
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# Mobile UX (iOS HIG-Informed)
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## Philosophy
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Design for mobile first, enhance for desktop. Follow Apple iOS Human Interface Guidelines for sizing, spacing, and interaction patterns. Adapt native iOS conventions to our glass morphism dark theme.
## Typography (iOS Dynamic Type Mapped to CSS)
| iOS Text Style | Default Size | CSS Equivalent | AIUI Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Large Title | 34pt | `text-[34px]` / `text-3xl` | Page titles (rare) |
| Title 1 | 28pt | `text-[28px]` / `text-2xl` | Section headers |
| Title 2 | 22pt | `text-[22px]` / `text-xl` | Sub-section headers |
| Title 3 | 20pt | `text-[20px]` / `text-lg` | Card titles |
| Headline | 17pt semibold | `text-[17px] font-semibold` | Emphasis labels |
| Body | 17pt | `text-[17px]` / `text-base` | Primary content |
| Callout | 16pt | `text-[16px]` | Secondary content |
| Subheadline | 15pt | `text-[15px]` | Metadata |
| Footnote | 13pt | `text-[13px]` / `text-xs` | Timestamps, captions |
| Caption 1 | 12pt | `text-[12px]` | Badges, small labels |
| Caption 2 | 11pt | `text-[11px]` | Smallest text (tab labels) |
### Key rules
- **Minimum text size**: 11px (Caption 2) — never go smaller
- **Body text on mobile**: 17px (not 14px/16px) for comfortable reading
- Use `text-sm` (14px) sparingly — only for dense UI, not primary reading content
- Chat messages should use at least 15-16px on mobile
- Metadata/timestamps: 11-13px is acceptable
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## Touch Targets
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| Rule | Value | Tailwind |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum tap target | **44 ×
| Minimum gap between targets | **8px** | `gap-2` |
| Comfortable button height | 44-50px | `h-11` to `h-[50px]` |
| iOS nav bar button | 44px | `h-11` |
### Key rules
- The 44px minimum applies to the **tappable area**, not the visual size
- A 24px icon can have a 44px tap target via padding: `p-2.5` on a 24px icon
- Our `w-9 h-9` (36px) header buttons are below 44px — compensate with generous spacing or padding hit areas
- Text buttons must extend touch target beyond text bounds
## Spacing & Layout
| Element | iOS Value | CSS |
|---|---|---|
| Side margins (iPhone) | 16px | `px-4` |
| Nav bar height | 44px | `h-11` |
| Tab bar height | 49px (+34px safe area) | `h-[49px]` + `pb-[env(safe-area-inset-bottom)]` |
| Bottom safe area (notch) | 34px | `env(safe-area-inset-bottom)` |
| Search bar | 36px field + 8px padding | `h-9` + `py-1` |
| Standard content inset | 16px horizontal | `px-4` |
### Safe area insets
```css
/* Always use for full-screen layouts */
padding-top: env(safe-area-inset-top);
padding-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom);
padding-left: env(safe-area-inset-left);
padding-right: env(safe-area-inset-right);
height: 100dvh; /* Dynamic viewport height — avoids iOS Safari toolbar */
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```
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## Navigation Patterns
### iOS-native patterns to follow
- **Primary navigation**: Bottom tab bar (persists across screens)
- **Secondary navigation**: Top nav bar with back button (left) and actions (right)
- **Modals**: Sheet sliding up from bottom (half-screen or full)
- **Context menus**: Long-press or action sheets from bottom
### Primary action placement
```
Top 20%: Navigation, info, secondary actions
Middle 60%: Main content (scrollable)
Bottom 20%: Primary actions (thumb zone) — send, approve, play
```
### Sheets & modals on mobile
- Use bottom sheets with three detents: small (~25%), medium (~50%), large (full)
- Always provide a close button — don't rely solely on swipe-to-dismiss
- Content panels: full-screen overlay or bottom sheet, never side-by-side
## Form Inputs
| Rule | Value | Why |
|---|---|---|
| **Minimum input font** | **16px** | Prevents iOS Safari auto-zoom on focus |
| Minimum field height | 44px | Matches tap target |
| Use `inputmode` | `numeric`, `email`, `tel`, `url`, `search` | Shows appropriate keyboard |
| Use `autocomplete` | Standard attributes | Enables autofill |
| Submit button placement | Bottom of form, thumb zone | Easy to reach |
## Animations & Motion (iOS Spring Model)
### Duration guidelines
| Type | Duration | Tailwind |
|---|---|---|
| Micro-interaction (tap, toggle) | 100-200ms | `duration-150` |
| Standard transition (push/pop) | 250-350ms | `duration-300` |
| Modal presentation (sheet) | 300-400ms | `duration-300` |
| Complex transitions | 400-500ms | `duration-500` |
### iOS-style easing
```css
/* Standard iOS-like transition (ease out / decelerate) */
transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.9, 0.3, 1.0);
/* Bouncy spring-like (for playful entrances) */
transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
/* Quick snap (micro-interactions) */
transition: transform 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.0, 0.0, 0.2, 1.0);
```
### Motion rules
- Entrances: ease-out (decelerate)
- Exits: ease-in (accelerate)
- Only animate `transform` and `opacity`
- **Always** respect `prefers-reduced-motion`:
```css
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
*, *::before, *::after {
animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
}
}
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```
## Gestures
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- Swipe left/right: gallery nav, dismiss
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- Swipe down: close overlay/bottom sheet, pull-to-refresh
- Long press: context menu, selection
- Pinch: zoom on images
- Minimum swipe distance: 50px before triggering
## Scroll Behavior
- Lock body scroll when modal/drawer is open
- `overscroll-behavior: contain` on modal content
- `touch-action: manipulation` to prevent zoom on double-tap
- `-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch` for smooth iOS scroll
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## Iconography
| Context | Size | Style |
|---|---|---|
| Tab bar | 25px | Filled/solid |
| Nav bar / toolbar | 22px | Outlined, 1.5px stroke |
| Inline with text | Match font size | Outlined |
| Standalone | 28-33px | Filled or outlined |
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## AIUI Custom Overrides (Keep These)
These deviate from stock iOS but are intentional for our design language:
- **Dark-only theme**: No light mode. Background `#0a0a0a`, not iOS system colors
- **Glass morphism**: Translucent surfaces with backdrop-blur instead of iOS solid materials
- **Accent color**: Bitcoin orange `#F7931A` instead of iOS systemBlue
- **Text opacity scale**: Our `/25` → `/96` scale instead of iOS label hierarchy
- **No separator borders**: We use spacing and glass layering instead
- **Custom animations**: `animate-fade-up`, `animate-scale-in` per our design system
- **Header buttons**: Currently 36px (`w-9 h-9`), acceptable with generous spacing
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## Performance on Mobile
- Test on real devices, not just emulators
- Test on 3G/4G connections
- Debounce scroll handlers
- Lazy load images with `loading="lazy"`
- Critical CSS inlined, rest loaded async
